Publications And Technical Papers

Inlet Air Cooling / ThermoCharger

• G. Anand, and E. Makar, 2021. Chilled Coil Performance Control and Application to Turbine Inlet Air Cooling. Int. J. Air-Cond. Refrig. 29, No. 2 (2021), 2150016-1–8.
• G. Anand, and E. Makar, 2021. Modified Chilled Coil Model Development and Application to Turbine Inlet Air Cooling. Int. J. Air-Cond. Refrig. 29, No. 2 (2021), 2150006-1–10.
• D. C. Erickson, Anand, G., Makar. E.. 2015. Absorption Refrigeration Cycle Turbine Inlet Conditioning. International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration, Vol. 23, No. 01.
• D. C. Erickson, Anand, G., Makar. E.. 2014. “Absorption Refrigeration Cycle Turbine Inlet Conditioning.” Proceedings of the International Sorption Heat Pump Conference, College Park, U.S.A, March 21-April 3.
• Erickson, Donald C., Kyung, Icksoo, Anand, G, Makar, E.E. “Aqua Absorption Turbine Inlet Air Cooler”, IMECE 2003-42870, 2003 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, November 2003, Washington, DC.
• Erickson, Donald C., Kyung, Icksoo, Anand, G, Makar, E.E., “Turbine Inlet Cooling from Exhaust Heat by Aqua Absorption”, SYMP-00147-2003, ASHRAE 2004, New Orleans, Louisiana. Download PDF
• Sigler, James, Erickson, D., Perez-Blanco, H., “Gas Turbine Inlet Air Cooling Using Absorption Refrigeration: A Comparison Based On A Combined Cycle Process.” Proceedings of ASME TURBO EXPO 2001. June 4-7, 2001. New Orleans, Louisiana.

ThermoSorber™

• D. C. Erickson, Anand, G., Kyung, I., Makar. E. 2014. “Heat-Activated Hot Water Heat Pump and Chiller.” Proceedings of the International Sorption Heat Pump Conference, College Park, U.S.A, March 21-April 3.
• Erickson, Donald C., Makar, E.E., Brown, D., Sharp, J. “Thermally-Activated Chiller Heat Pump”, ICR0532, International Congress of Refrigeration, August 2003, Washington, DC. Download PDF
• Erickson, D.C., Anand, G., Panchal, C.B., Mattingly, M. “Prototype Commercial Hot Water Gas Heat Pump (CHWGHP) – Design and Performance.” ASHRAE Transactions 2002. Vol. 108 Pt. 1. pp.792-798, January 2002.

Refinery ARU

• “Waste-Heat Powered Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Unit for LPG Recovery” Final Report, DOE Contract DE-FG36-03GO13128. April 2008. Download PDF  
• “Refinery Finds New Technolgy Friendly. Cool Times. Vol 8, No. 5. p. 20. September/October 1997.
• “Waste-Heat Powered LPG Recovery Plant. Oil & Gas Journal. November 1997.
• Brant, B. Brueske, S., Erickson, D. C. and Papar, R. A. “New Waste-heat refrigeration cuts flaring, reduces pollution.” Oil & Gas Journal. Vol. 96, No. 20. pp. 61-65. May 18, 1998.
• Erickson, Donald C. and Kelly, Fred. “LPG Recovery from Refinery Flare by Waste Heat-powered Absorption Refrigeraton”. IECEC-98. Colorado Springs, CO. August 2-6, 1998.
• Erickson, Donald C., et al. “Refinery Waste Heat Powered Absorption Refrigeration – Cycle Specification and Design.” Proceedings of the ASME Advanced Energy Systems Division. AES Vol. 38. pp. 391-402. November 15-19, 1998. Anaheim, CA.
• “Oil Refinery Boosts Profits Using Waste Heat-Powered Absorption Refrigeration.”Cool Times. Vol. 5, No. 6. November/December 1998.
• Petroleum Refining: “Waste gas to be chilled, captured as LPG.” OIT Times.Vol. 4, No. 3. Summer 2001.

General Absorption

• Anand, G. Erickson, D. C.,Makar, E.. (2018). Characterization of Ammonia-Water Absorption Chiller and Application. International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration. 10.1142/S2010132518500359.
• Anand, G., Erickson, D. C., and Makar, E., 2018. Subfreezing Absorption Refrigeration for Industrial CHP.. International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration. 10.1142/S201013251850033.
• Anand, G., Erickson, D. C., and Makar, E., 2018. “Challenges in Heat and Mass Exchange for Absorption Systems.” Seminar 63, ASHRAE Winter Conference, Chicago, IL.
• D. C. Erickson, Anand, G., Kyung, I., Makar. E.. 2014. “Solid-Fueled Ammonia Absorption Freezing.” Proceedings of the International Sorption Heat Pump Conference, College Park, U.S.A, March 21-April 3.
• D. C. Erickson, Anand, G., Kyung, I., Makar. E.. 2014. “Heat-Activated Hot Water Heat Pump and Chiller.” Proceedings of the International Sorption Heat Pump Conference, College Park, U.S.A, March 21-April 3.
• Erickson DC, Anand G, Kyung I, Makar E, and Panchal CB, “Absorption Refrigeration and/or Power Cycles for Industrial Waste Heat Applications,” ISHPC-003-2005, Proceedings of International Sorption Heat Pump, Denver, CO June 2005.
• Amelse JA, Jackson PL, Ganesan KD, Cato A, Erickson D, Makar E, Panchal CB, Anand G “Green p-Xylene Processes that Use Waste Heat Powered Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration,” Proceedings of the AIChE National Meeting, Atlanta, GA, April 2005.
• Amelse, J., Jackson, P.L., Erickson, D. C., Panchal, C. B., Anand, G., Maker, E., Ganesan, K., and Cato, A. (2004). “pX Processes That Utilize Waste Heat Powered Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration,” Paper 40c, AIChE 2004 Spring National Meeting, New Orleans, LA, April 25-29.
• Anand, G., and Erickson, D. C., 2003. “Prototype Results of a Small-Scale Ammonia-Water Absorption Unit For Cogeneration Applications.” ASHRAE Summer Meeting, Kansas City, MO.
• Chen, X., Anjanappa, M., Panchal, C.B., Mattingly, M., Anand, G., and Erickson, D. C. “PC-Based Controller for PrototypeAbsorption Heat Pump.” Proceedings of the International Sorption Heat Pump Conference, Shangai, China, Sept. 23-27, 2002.
• Anand, G., and Erickson, D. C. “Eight-Ton Advanced GAX Cycle Prototype Results.” Proceedings ASME International Congress and Exposition, Orlando, 2000.
• Erickson, D. C., and Anand, G. “Compact LCGC Bubble Absorber for Ammonia-Water Absorption.” Proceedings of the International Conference on Compact Heat Exchangers and Enhancement Technology for the Process Industries, Begell House, New York, pp. 485-489, Banff, Canada, July 18-23, 1999.
• Erickson, Donald C. and Lutz, Edward J., Jr. "Absorptive Recycle of Distillation Waste Heat Industrial Energy Conservation Technology Conference. Houston. April 1982.
• Erickson, Donald C . “Economic Options for Upgrading Waste Heat.” Industrial Energy Conservation Technology Conference. Houston. April 1983.
• Erickson, Donald C. “Absorption Cycle Fundamentals and Applications Guidelines for Distillation Energy Savings.” Industrial Energy Conservation Technology Conference. Houston. April. 1984.
• Davidson, William F. and Campagne, W. V. L. "Energy Savings in Petroleum Refining Using Absorption Heat Pumping. " Presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Petroleum Refiners Association. March 1985.
• Davidson, William F and Erickson, Donald C. “Present and Future Uses of Industrial Absorption Heat Pumps.” Industrial Energy Technology Conference. Houston. May 1985.
• Davidson, William F. and Erickson, Donald C. “NGL Fractionation Energy Savings Using Absorption Heat Pumping.” Gas Processors Association Convention. Houston. March 1985. Oil and Gas Journal. August 1985.
• Davidson, William F. and Erickson, Donald C. “Absorption Heat Pumping: Present Uses in Industry.” ET. Washington. March 1986.
• “Intermediate Vapor Exchange Expansion Distillation and Nested Enrichment Cascade Distillation.”
• Proceedings of the IETC 1986 Conference.Vol I. pp. 133-139. June 1986.
• Davidson, William F. and Campagne, W. V. L. "Save by Absorption Heat Pumping. Hydrocarbon Processing. December 1987.
• Radermacher, Reinhard and Howe, Lawrence A. “Temperature Transformation for High-Temperature Heat Pumps.” Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Journal for Gas Turbines and Power. October 1988.
• Howe, Lawrence A., Radermacher, Reinhard and Keith E. Herold. “Analysis of a Hybrid Compression-Absorption Cycle Using Lithium Bromide and Water as the Working Fluid.” International Journal of Refrigeration.May 1991.
• Erickson, Donald C. “Waste Heat Powered Icemaker for Isolated Fishing Villages.” Presented at International CFC and Halon Alternatives Conference. Washington. October 1994.
• Erickson, Donald C. “Waste Heat Powered Refrigeration.” CADDET IEA OECD Energy Efficiency Newsletter. March 1995.
• Potnis, S. V., Papar, R., Anand, G., Erickson, D. C., Arman. B., and Panchal, C. B. “Simulation of Heat and Mass Transfer in GAX Heat Pumps”. AIChE Annual Meeting, Paper # 126f, Miami, USA, November 1995.
• Erickson, Donald C. “Refrigeration with Waste Heat.” International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration Annual Meeting. Atlanta. March 1996.
• Erickson, Donald C., et al. “Triple Effect Absorption Cycles.” Presented at IECEC. Washington, DC, August 1996.
• Erickson, Donald C. and Tang, Jingsong. “Evaluation of Double-Lift Cycles for Waste Heat Powered Refrigeration.” Presented at the International Ab-Sorption Heat Pump Conference. Montreal. September 1996.
• “Energy Concepts Reports Innovative Waste Heat-Powered Absorption Refrigeration System.” Cool Times. Vol. 8 No 2. Pp. 3-4. March/April 1997.
• Erickson, D. C., Papar, R. A., Anand, G., Brueske, S. and Brant, S . “Waste Heat Powered Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration System.” AIChE Symposium Series No. 314. Baltimore. August 1997.
• Erickson, Donald C. “Pumping Up.” Consulting-Specifying Engineer. August 1997.
• Erickson, D. C., Anand, G. and Papar, R. “Use of Coburn-Drew Equation to Model Mass Transfer.” Interactive Communications in Heat & Mass Transfer. Vol. 25, No. 1. January 1998.
• Anand, G. Erickson, D. C. “Compact Sieve-Tray Distillation Column for Ammonia-Water Absorption Heat Pump: Part 1-Design Methodology.” ASHRAE Transactions 1999. Vol. 105, Pt. 1
• “Energy Concepts Under Contract to DOE to Develop Hi Cool GAX.” Cool Times. Vol. 10, No. 1. January/February 1999.
• Erickson, D. C. and Anand G. “Absorption-Augmented Engine Drive Refrigeration.” Proceedings of the International Sorption Heat Pump Conference.pp.483-487. Munich. March 1999.
• Anand, G. and Erickson, D. C., “Effective GAX Characterization of GAX Cycles.”ASHRAE Proceedings. Vol. 107, Pt. 1. 2001.
• “Breakthrough Gas-Fired Heat-Activated Heat Pump Heats Up.” Engineering Research Center Update (UMD School of Engineering). P. 6. Spring 2001.
• “Gas-Fired Air Conditioning. " Journal of Light Construction. " New England Edition. P. 61. October 2001.

Gax Absorption Cycles

• Erickson, Donald C. " Future Developments in Thermal Absorption Cycle Technology." August 1991.
• Erickson, Donald C., Rane, Milind, Herold, Keith E. and He, Xiaoyu. “The Branched GAX Absorption Heat Pump Cycle.” Environment-Friendly Technologies for the 21st Century. Proceedings of the Japanese Assocition of Refrigeration Absorption Heat Pump Conference. Tokyo. 1991.
• Erickson, Donald C. and Rane, Milind. “The GAX Family of Absorption Cycles.” IEA Heat Pump Newsletter. Volume 10. No. 4. December 1992.
• Erickson, Donald C. and Jorgensen, Paul, "Solar Thermal Cooling with the Branched GAX Chiller. Hawaii. 1992.
• Erickson, Donald C. “Advances in Absorption Heat Pump Cycles and Working Fluids.” CHISA. 1993.
• Rane, Milind , and Erickson, Donald C. “Advanced Absorption Cycle: Vapor Exchange GAX.” Proceedings of the International Absorption Heat Pump Conference. Advanced Energy Systems, American Society of Mechanical Engineers. New Orleans. January 1994.
• “GAX Cycle Absorption Technology – A Rational Response to the Ozone and Energy Problems.” Other Progressive Answers to Refrigeration. Greenpeace. 1995 International CFC and Halons Alternatives Conference. Washington. October 1995. (Reprinted in Western HVAC News. December 1995.)
• Erickson, D. C., Anand, G., and Papar, R. “Branched GAX Cycle Gas Fired Heat Pump”. Proceedings of the 31st Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, Washington D.C., August 1996, Vol. II, pp. 1078-1083.
• Erickson, Donald C. and Tang, Jingsong. “Semi-GAX Cycles for Waste Heat Powered Refrigeration.” Presented at IECEC. Washington, DC, August 1996.
• Erickson, Donald C., Anand, G. and Papar, Riyaz. “Basic GAX Prototype Results.” Presented at International Ab-Sorption Heat Pump Conference. Montreal. September 1996.
• Erickson, Donald C. and G. Anand. “VX GAX Cycle Development.” Presented at International Ab-Sorption Heat Pump Conference. Montreal. September 1996.
• Erickson, Donald C., et al. “GAX Component Simulation and Validation.” Presented at ASHRAE Winter Meeting. Philadelphia. January 1997.
• Anand, G. and Erickson, D. C., “Identification and Evaluation of Advanced GAX Cycles for Space Conditioning.” Proceedings of the International Sorption Heat Pump Conference. pp. 507-521. Munich. March 1999.

Alkitrate™ High Temperature Absorption Working Pair

• Davidson, W. F. and Erickson, D. C. “500°F Absorption Heat Pump Under Development.” Proceedings of IETC 1986 Conference. Vol I. pp. 350-358. June 1986.
• Davidson, W. F. and Erickson, D. C. “260°C Aqueous Absorption Working Pair Under Development.” IEA Heat Pump Centre Newsletter. October 1986.
• Richlen, Scott L. Ally, Moonis R. “Development of a High Temperature Absorption Fluid for Types I and II Industrial Heat Pumps.” March 1988.
• Erickson, Donald C. and Howe, Lawrence A. “Development of a High-Temperature Absorption Working Pair.” American Society of Mechanical Engineers Winter Meeting. San Francisco. December 1989.
• Howe, Lawrence, A and Erickson, Donald C. “260°C Absorption Working Pair Ready for Field Test.” IEA Heat Pump Centre Newsletter. December 1990 .
• Howe, Lawrence A and Erickson, Donald C, “Opportunities for Chemical Heat Pumps in Industry.” April 1991.
• Erickson, Donald C. “New Absorption Technology Reduces More than NOx.” Southern California Edison NOx Elimination Seminar. November 1991.
• Erickson, Donald C. and Howe, Lawrence A. “Development of a High-Temperature Absorption Working Pair.” Winter Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 1991.

ISAAC™ Solar Icemaker

• Pierpont, J. P. “Energy Concepts Rises From Ashes To International Market.” Baltimore Business Journal. February 1989.
• “What’s New: News in Brief.” Maryland Business Weekly: The Baltimore Sun. December 18, 1989.
• “Hot Refrigeration” Environmental Protection Week June 1990.
• “Solar Refrigeration Brings Ice to Developing Countries.” Solar Industry Journal. Second Quarter. 1990.
• Maier, Timothy A. “Solar-Powered Refrigerator Heats Up Energy Concepts.” Baltimore Business Journal. November 1990.
• Erickson, Donald C. “Isaac Solar Absorption Icemaker.” Soltech 91
• Erickson, D.C. 1991. ISAAC Solar Refrigerator” Japanese Association of Refrigeration, Absorption Heat Pump Conference, Tokyo.
• Erickson, Donald C. “Isaac Solar Refrigerator.” Environment-Friendly Technologies for the 21st Century. Proceedings of the Japanese Assocition of Refrigeration Absorption Heat Pump Conference. Tokyo. September 1991.
• Erickson, Donald C. and Jorgensen, Paul. “Solar Absorption Ice-Making in a Mexican Fishing Village.” Hawaii 1992.
• Erickson, Donald C. “Solar Icemakers in Maruata, Mexico.” Solar Today. July/August 1994.
• Erickson, C. A. 1998. “Performance of the ISAAC Solar Icemaker” Solar Engineering 1998 edited by J.M. Morehouse and R.E. Hogan, pp. 171 – 175.
• Erickson, C. Rural milk preservation with the ISAAC solar icemaker, Energy for Sustainable Development, Volume 13, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 287-291.

Moltox™ Chemical Air Separation Process

• Erickson, Donald C. “Oxygen Production by the Moltox Process.” Process Technology. October 1983.
• “Moltox Oxygen Process Status Report.” Air Products. July 1985.
• Erickson, Donald C., et al. “Chemical Air Separation System—A Progress Report.” Presented at the Industrial Energy Technology Conference.

Tridroxide™ High-Lift Absorption Working Pair

• Herold, Keith E., Howe, Lawrence, Radermacher, Reinhard, and Erickson, Donald C. “Development of an Absorption Heat Pump Water Heater Using an Aqueous Ternary Hydroxide Working Fluid.” International Journal of Refrigeration. May 1991.

Miscellaneous

• Erickson, Donald C. “Intermediate Vapor Expansion Distillation and Nested Enrichment Cascade Distillation.” Industrial Energy Conservation Technology Conference. June 1986.
• Erickson, Donald C. “Reciprocating Engine Cogeneration with Exhaust-Heat-Driven Heat Pump.” Energy Concepts Co. 1987.
• Erickson, Donald C. “Absorption Steam Compressor for Building Cogeneration.” Innovative Concepts Fair 1989.
• Erickson, D.C., Anand, G., Kyung, I., “Heat Activated Dual Function Absorption Cycle”, ASHRAE-SYMP-00138, 2004, New Orleans, Louisiana Download PDF
• Anand, G., Panchal, C.B., “Secondary Fluids for GAX Absorption Heat Pump”, IMECE2003-43289, 2003 ASME Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, November 2003, Washington, DC.